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SEPTUAGINT LXX GREEK OLD TESTAMENT October 2015
Greek Old Testament
SEPTUAGINT LXX
Greek Orthodox Church
Old Testament in the Greek Language
_______________________________________________________________
SEPTUAGINT LXX
ENGLISH
Michael Asser Septuagint
Orthodox Study Bible 2008
Brenton Septuagint
_______________________________________________________________
Source:
What Is The Holy Bible? by Rev. George C. Papademetriou, Ph.D., Director of the Library and Instructor of Systematic Theology, Hellenic College/Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology., Brookline, Massachusetts., 1986., pp.3-4
Orthodox Bible
The Old Testament
The official version of the Old Testament authorized by the Orthodox Church for use in worship and reading is that of the Septuagint.
The Church from the beginning, used the Septuagint and not the Palestinian version of the Bible
During the time of our Lord, there were two versions of the of the Old Testament in circulation among the Jews. One was called the "Narrow Circle" of Jerusalem or Palestine and the other was called "Wilder Circle" of Alexandria.
Our Lord and the Apostles, in the New Testament, used the "Wilder Circle" or the Septuagint. It was called Septuagint, or Seventy, because there were seventy, (according to tradition 72) scholars who first made the translation into Greek during the reign of Ptolmey II in the third century, B.C. in Alexandria.
Our Church recognizes and accepts the Septuagint as the sacred and inspired Word of God. This version of the Bible circulated in the synagogues around the Mediterranean world where Christianity flourished.
_______________________________________________________________
Source:
Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver Bulletin: March 1995, Volume 3, Number 3., pp. 14-17
"Which English Translation Of The Bible Should I Use"?
His Eminence Metropolitan Isaiah of Proikonisou and Presiding Hierarch of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver
the Apostles, who were the authors of the New Testament, as well as the early Church Fathers, frequently cite passages only found in the Septuagint (Greek) Old Testament
Moreover, they frequently cite passages from the "Apocryphal" books of the Old Testament.
The Holy Scriptures Were Produced by the Orthodox Church. The Church's holy prophets and Apostles wrote the books contained in the Bible. The Church determined which books were authoritative and belonged in Holy Scripture. The Church preserved and passed on the texts of these Scriptural books.
The seventy-two Jewish rabbis and scholars who gave us the Septuagint Greek Old Testament
Writing in Greek, the Holy Apostles Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Paul, James, Peter, and Jude produced the books of the New Testament.
The Holy Scriptures Were Preserved by the Orthodox Church.
Testimony to the fidelity of reproduction in this milieu is the consistent agreement among the Church Fathers when they cite Scripture, and their common understanding of Scripture in their deliberations at the local and Ecumenical councils.
_______________________________________________________________
An Orthodox Look at English Translations of the Bible
By Fr. John Whiteford
The Old Testament Text
For the Old Testament, the two textual traditions that the Church has preserved are that of the Greek Septuagint and the Syriac Peshitta.
The Hebrew Text that has served as the basis for most translations of the Old Testament into English is based almost entirely on the Leningrad Codex, which dates from 1008 A.D. In comparison to the textual evidence that we have for the New Testament Greek text, this is a very late manuscript. It is an example of the Masoretic recension, which is usually dated to have been shaped between the 6th and 10th centuries A.D.
This is well after the Septuagint was translated (3rd century before Christ), the Peshitta (1st and 2nd Centuries A.D.)
The Septuagint and Peshitta texts were preserved within the Church, and so the Church believes that the text of the Old Testament was been authoritatively preserved in these textual traditions.
Furthermore, it is clear that the text that Christ and the Apostles used matches the Septuagint
_______________________________________________________________
NIV
New International Version
Zondervan Study Bible
Preface xxvi
The New Testament authors, writing in Greek, often quote the Old Testament from its ancient Greek version, the Septuagint.
_______________________________________________________________
Septuagint LXX
Biblical literature
Written by: The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica
Septuagint
Septuagint, abbreviation LXX, the earliest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew,
made for the use of the Jewish community in Egypt when Greek was the lingua franca throughout the region.
Analysis of the language has established that the Torah, or Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testament), was translated near the middle of the 3rd century BC and that the rest of the Old Testament was translated in the 2nd century BC.
The language of much of the early Christian church was Greek, and it was in the Septuagint text that many early Christians located the prophecies
fulfilled by Christ.
Its subsequent history lies within the Christian church.
it was the Septuagint, not the original Hebrew, that was the main basis for the Old Latin, Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and part of the Arabic translations of the Old Testament.
It has never ceased to be the standard version of the Old Testament in the Greek church
The text of the Septuagint is contained in
early
manuscripts.
The best known of these are the Codex Vaticanus (B) and the Codex Sinaiticus (S), both dating from the 4th century AD, and the Codex Alexandrinus (A) from the 5th century. There are also numerous earlier papyrus fragments and many later manuscripts.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Encyclopedia
Septuagint
The first translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, made into popular Greek before the Christian era.
(1) The Septuagint is the most ancient translation of the Old Testament and consequently is invaluable
(2) The Septuagint Version accepted first by the Alexandrian Jews, and afterwards by all the Greek-speaking countries, helped to spread among the Gentiles the idea and the expectation of the Messias, and to introduce into Greek the theological terminology that made it a most suitable instrument for the propagation of the Gospel of Christ.
(3) The Jews made use of it long before the Christian Era, and in the time of Christ it was recognised as a legitimate text, and was employed in Palestine even by the rabbis. The Apostles and Evangelists utilised it also and borrowed Old Testament citations from it, especially in regard to the prophecies. The Fathers and the other ecclesiastical writers of the early Church drew upon it, either directly, as in the case of the Greek Fathers, or indirectly, like the Latin Fathers and writers and others who employed Latin, Syriac, Ethiopian, Arabic and Gothic versions. It was held in high esteem by all, some even believed it inspired. Consequently, a knowledge of the Septuagint helps to a perfect understanding of these literatures.
(4) At the present time, the Septuagint is the official text in the Greek Church,
the writers of the New Testament made use of it, borrowing from it most of their citations; it became the Old Testament of the Church and was so highly esteemed by the early Christians that several writers and Fathers declared it to be inspired.
The three most celebrated manuscripts of the Septuagint known are the Vatican, "Codex Vaticanus" (fourth century); the Alexandrian, "Codex Alexandrinus" (fifth century), now in the British Museum,London; and that of Sinai, "Codex Sinaiticus" (fourth century),
The "Codex Vaticanus" is the purest of the three; it generally gives the more ancient text
the Septuagint Version was made in popular Greek, the koine dislektos.
the Septuagint is a Greek translation of Hebrew books.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Encyclopedia
Versions of the Bible
The Septuagint
The Septuagint, or Alexandrine, Version, the first and foremost translation of the Hebrew Bible, was made in the third and second centuries B.C.
It is still the official text of the Greek Church.
It is still the official text of the Greek Church.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Study Bible
2nd Edition
by Donald Senior (Editor), John J. Collins (Editor)
Septuagint LXX
Page 1801
Septuagint
the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures.
The Septuagint was translated
in the third century B.C.
it translated a version of the Hebrew text that is older than the currently available Hebrew ( Masoretic ) text
it was the Bible of early Christians and therefore represents what they thought of Scripture
Page 68
the Septuagint LXX
had a major influence on all the writers of the New Testament
Page 5
earliest Christianity used an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament ( called the Septuagint ) as its Bible.
Greek version of the Bible
Since most of early Christians were Greek speaking,
this is the Bible they preferred.
Page 272
The Hellenization of the World
A large colony of Jews lived in Alexandria and accommodated itself to Greek language and culture. This was the group that translated its religious traditions from Hebrew to Greek,
thus producing
the Septuagint LXX
The Alexandrian
Greek version of the Scriptures was
the one in popular use during the first century of the Christian era.
Christians continued to revere the Alexandrian tradition.
In fact, by comparing the Old Testament citations used by New Testament writers, scholars conclude that a good number, if not most of them, come from the Alexandrian rather than from the earlier Palestinian version.
Greek canon
authentic early church tradition
Page 1795
Masoretic text
the text of the Hebrew Bible, established by Jewish Scholars ( called Masoretes ).
- date from circa A.D. 900 to 1000.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Study Bible
2nd Edition
by Donald Senior (Editor), John J. Collins (Editor)
Page 1728
First Letter of Peter
" Greek in which it is written "
" its use of of the Greek Septuagint translation when citing the Old Testament "
Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament:
A Complete Survey
January 26, 2005
by Gregory Chirichigno (Author), Gleason L. Archer (Author)
Of the places where the New Testament quotes the Old,
the great majority is from the Septuagint version.
authors Archer and Chirichigno list
340 places where the New Testament cites the Septuagint
but only 33 places where it cites from the Masoretic Text rather than the Septuagint
( G. Archer and G. C. Chirichigno, Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament: A Complete Survey, 25-32 )
_______________________________________________________________
Hebrew manuscripts - King James Version
http://testimony-magazine.org/back/jun2011/burke.pdf
Date A.D.
1519–1525
The Second Rabbinical Bible
Also known as the Mikraot Gedolot, or the Ben Hayyim edition (after the editor, Yaakov Ben Hayyim), and based on the Masoretic text. Thousands of errors resulted from Ben Hayyim’s editing and his lack of access to the best texts.
http://www.bibliahebraica.com/the_texts/rabbinic_bible.htm
The Mikraot Gedolot of Ben Hayyim
was riddled with thousands of technical errors.
_______________________________________________________________
USC
https://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/biblical_manuscripts/LeningradCodex.shtml
The Leningrad Codex
The Leningrad Codex, or Leningradensis, is the oldest complete Hebrew bible still preserved. While there are older parts of Bibles, or biblical books, still in existence, there is no older manuscript which contains the whole Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament in Hebrew). The Leningrad Codex is considered one of the best examples of the Masoretic text.
How Old is the Manuscript?
The manuscript was written around the year 1010 C. E. It was probably written in Cairo, and later sold to someone living in Damascus.
Why is the Leningrad Codex important?
The Leningrad Codex is used today as the basis for most modern printed editions of the Hebrew Bible, together with a few other incomplete Hebrew Bibles. This is because it is the oldest complete manuscript copied with the Masoretic system developed by the Ben Asher family.
_______________________________________________________________
VIRGIN
* Brenton Septuagint LXX
https://www.ccel.org/bible/brenton/Isaiah/7.html
Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; behold, a virgin shall conceive in the womb, and shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Emmanuel.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=isaiah%207&version=NABRE;GNT
* New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE) Roman Catholic
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign; the young woman, pregnant and about to bear a son, shall name him Emmanuel.
* Good News Translation (GNT)
Well then, the Lord himself will give you a sign: a young woman who is pregnant will have a son and will name him ‘Immanuel.’
http://biblehub.com/jps/isaiah/7.htm
Jewish Publication Society JPS Tanakh 1917
Therefore the Lord Himself shall give you a sign: behold, the young woman shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
http://www.biblestudytools.com/parallel-bible/passage/?q=isaiah+7&t=niv&t2=rsv
* New International Version
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel.
* Revised Standard Version
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, a young woman shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Imman'u-el.
_______________________________________________________________
Greek New Testament
http://greeknt3.blogspot.com
Greek Old Testament
SEPTUAGINT LXX
Greek Orthodox Church
Old Testament in the Greek Language
_______________________________________________________________
SEPTUAGINT LXX
ENGLISH
Michael Asser Septuagint
Orthodox Study Bible 2008
Brenton Septuagint
_______________________________________________________________
Source:
What Is The Holy Bible? by Rev. George C. Papademetriou, Ph.D., Director of the Library and Instructor of Systematic Theology, Hellenic College/Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology., Brookline, Massachusetts., 1986., pp.3-4
Orthodox Bible
The Old Testament
The official version of the Old Testament authorized by the Orthodox Church for use in worship and reading is that of the Septuagint.
The Church from the beginning, used the Septuagint and not the Palestinian version of the Bible
During the time of our Lord, there were two versions of the of the Old Testament in circulation among the Jews. One was called the "Narrow Circle" of Jerusalem or Palestine and the other was called "Wilder Circle" of Alexandria.
Our Lord and the Apostles, in the New Testament, used the "Wilder Circle" or the Septuagint. It was called Septuagint, or Seventy, because there were seventy, (according to tradition 72) scholars who first made the translation into Greek during the reign of Ptolmey II in the third century, B.C. in Alexandria.
Our Church recognizes and accepts the Septuagint as the sacred and inspired Word of God. This version of the Bible circulated in the synagogues around the Mediterranean world where Christianity flourished.
_______________________________________________________________
Source:
Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver Bulletin: March 1995, Volume 3, Number 3., pp. 14-17
"Which English Translation Of The Bible Should I Use"?
His Eminence Metropolitan Isaiah of Proikonisou and Presiding Hierarch of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver
the Apostles, who were the authors of the New Testament, as well as the early Church Fathers, frequently cite passages only found in the Septuagint (Greek) Old Testament
Moreover, they frequently cite passages from the "Apocryphal" books of the Old Testament.
The Holy Scriptures Were Produced by the Orthodox Church. The Church's holy prophets and Apostles wrote the books contained in the Bible. The Church determined which books were authoritative and belonged in Holy Scripture. The Church preserved and passed on the texts of these Scriptural books.
The seventy-two Jewish rabbis and scholars who gave us the Septuagint Greek Old Testament
Writing in Greek, the Holy Apostles Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Paul, James, Peter, and Jude produced the books of the New Testament.
The Holy Scriptures Were Preserved by the Orthodox Church.
Testimony to the fidelity of reproduction in this milieu is the consistent agreement among the Church Fathers when they cite Scripture, and their common understanding of Scripture in their deliberations at the local and Ecumenical councils.
_______________________________________________________________
An Orthodox Look at English Translations of the Bible
By Fr. John Whiteford
The Old Testament Text
For the Old Testament, the two textual traditions that the Church has preserved are that of the Greek Septuagint and the Syriac Peshitta.
The Hebrew Text that has served as the basis for most translations of the Old Testament into English is based almost entirely on the Leningrad Codex, which dates from 1008 A.D. In comparison to the textual evidence that we have for the New Testament Greek text, this is a very late manuscript. It is an example of the Masoretic recension, which is usually dated to have been shaped between the 6th and 10th centuries A.D.
This is well after the Septuagint was translated (3rd century before Christ), the Peshitta (1st and 2nd Centuries A.D.)
The Septuagint and Peshitta texts were preserved within the Church, and so the Church believes that the text of the Old Testament was been authoritatively preserved in these textual traditions.
Furthermore, it is clear that the text that Christ and the Apostles used matches the Septuagint
_______________________________________________________________
NIV
New International Version
Zondervan Study Bible
Preface xxvi
The New Testament authors, writing in Greek, often quote the Old Testament from its ancient Greek version, the Septuagint.
_______________________________________________________________
Septuagint LXX
Biblical literature
Written by: The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica
Septuagint
Septuagint, abbreviation LXX, the earliest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew,
made for the use of the Jewish community in Egypt when Greek was the lingua franca throughout the region.
Analysis of the language has established that the Torah, or Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testament), was translated near the middle of the 3rd century BC and that the rest of the Old Testament was translated in the 2nd century BC.
The language of much of the early Christian church was Greek, and it was in the Septuagint text that many early Christians located the prophecies
fulfilled by Christ.
Its subsequent history lies within the Christian church.
it was the Septuagint, not the original Hebrew, that was the main basis for the Old Latin, Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and part of the Arabic translations of the Old Testament.
It has never ceased to be the standard version of the Old Testament in the Greek church
The text of the Septuagint is contained in
early
manuscripts.
The best known of these are the Codex Vaticanus (B) and the Codex Sinaiticus (S), both dating from the 4th century AD, and the Codex Alexandrinus (A) from the 5th century. There are also numerous earlier papyrus fragments and many later manuscripts.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Encyclopedia
Septuagint
The first translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, made into popular Greek before the Christian era.
(1) The Septuagint is the most ancient translation of the Old Testament and consequently is invaluable
(2) The Septuagint Version accepted first by the Alexandrian Jews, and afterwards by all the Greek-speaking countries, helped to spread among the Gentiles the idea and the expectation of the Messias, and to introduce into Greek the theological terminology that made it a most suitable instrument for the propagation of the Gospel of Christ.
(3) The Jews made use of it long before the Christian Era, and in the time of Christ it was recognised as a legitimate text, and was employed in Palestine even by the rabbis. The Apostles and Evangelists utilised it also and borrowed Old Testament citations from it, especially in regard to the prophecies. The Fathers and the other ecclesiastical writers of the early Church drew upon it, either directly, as in the case of the Greek Fathers, or indirectly, like the Latin Fathers and writers and others who employed Latin, Syriac, Ethiopian, Arabic and Gothic versions. It was held in high esteem by all, some even believed it inspired. Consequently, a knowledge of the Septuagint helps to a perfect understanding of these literatures.
(4) At the present time, the Septuagint is the official text in the Greek Church,
the writers of the New Testament made use of it, borrowing from it most of their citations; it became the Old Testament of the Church and was so highly esteemed by the early Christians that several writers and Fathers declared it to be inspired.
The three most celebrated manuscripts of the Septuagint known are the Vatican, "Codex Vaticanus" (fourth century); the Alexandrian, "Codex Alexandrinus" (fifth century), now in the British Museum,London; and that of Sinai, "Codex Sinaiticus" (fourth century),
The "Codex Vaticanus" is the purest of the three; it generally gives the more ancient text
the Septuagint Version was made in popular Greek, the koine dislektos.
the Septuagint is a Greek translation of Hebrew books.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Encyclopedia
Versions of the Bible
The Septuagint
The Septuagint, or Alexandrine, Version, the first and foremost translation of the Hebrew Bible, was made in the third and second centuries B.C.
It is still the official text of the Greek Church.
It is still the official text of the Greek Church.
_______________________________________________________________
Catholic Study Bible
2nd Edition
by Donald Senior (Editor), John J. Collins (Editor)
Septuagint LXX
Page 1801
Septuagint
the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures.
The Septuagint was translated
in the third century B.C.
it translated a version of the Hebrew text that is older than the currently available Hebrew ( Masoretic ) text
it was the Bible of early Christians and therefore represents what they thought of Scripture
Page 68
the Septuagint LXX
had a major influence on all the writers of the New Testament
Page 5
earliest Christianity used an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament ( called the Septuagint ) as its Bible.
Greek version of the Bible
Since most of early Christians were Greek speaking,
this is the Bible they preferred.
Page 272
The Hellenization of the World
A large colony of Jews lived in Alexandria and accommodated itself to Greek language and culture. This was the group that translated its religious traditions from Hebrew to Greek,
thus producing
the Septuagint LXX
The Alexandrian
Greek version of the Scriptures was
the one in popular use during the first century of the Christian era.
Christians continued to revere the Alexandrian tradition.
In fact, by comparing the Old Testament citations used by New Testament writers, scholars conclude that a good number, if not most of them, come from the Alexandrian rather than from the earlier Palestinian version.
Greek canon
authentic early church tradition
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament:
_______________________________________________________________
Apostoliki Diakonia
http://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostoliki_Diakonia
Apostoliki Diakonia
is the official publishing house
of the Orthodox Christian Church of Greece
http://www.apostoliki-diakonia.gr/index_en.asp
http://www.apostoliki-diakonia.com.gr
Palaia Diathiki (Old Testament)
Published by the Church of Greece (Greek)
by Apostoliki Diakonia
http://www.amazon.com/Palaia-Diathiki-Testament-Published-Church/dp/B001CXYWCG/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1446583910&sr=1-1
http://www.orthodoxmarketplace.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=19206
Kaini Diathiki (New Testament)
Published by the Church of Greece (Greek)
by Apostoliki Diakonia
http://www.amazon.com/Diathiki-Testament-Published-Church-Greece/dp/B001CWUJ9M/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1446583867&sr=1-2
http://www.orthodoxmarketplace.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=19207
Catholic Study Bible
2nd Edition
by Donald Senior (Editor), John J. Collins (Editor)
Page 1728
First Letter of Peter
" Greek in which it is written "
" its use of of the Greek Septuagint translation when citing the Old Testament "
Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament:
A Complete Survey
January 26, 2005
by Gregory Chirichigno (Author), Gleason L. Archer (Author)
Of the places where the New Testament quotes the Old,
the great majority is from the Septuagint version.
authors Archer and Chirichigno list
340 places where the New Testament cites the Septuagint
but only 33 places where it cites from the Masoretic Text rather than the Septuagint
( G. Archer and G. C. Chirichigno, Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament: A Complete Survey, 25-32 )
_______________________________________________________________
Apostoliki Diakonia
http://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostoliki_Diakonia
Apostoliki Diakonia
is the official publishing house
of the Orthodox Christian Church of Greece
http://www.apostoliki-diakonia.gr/index_en.asp
http://www.apostoliki-diakonia.com.gr
Palaia Diathiki (Old Testament)
Published by the Church of Greece (Greek)
by Apostoliki Diakonia
http://www.amazon.com/Palaia-Diathiki-Testament-Published-Church/dp/B001CXYWCG/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1446583910&sr=1-1
http://www.orthodoxmarketplace.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=19206
Kaini Diathiki (New Testament)
Published by the Church of Greece (Greek)
by Apostoliki Diakonia
http://www.amazon.com/Diathiki-Testament-Published-Church-Greece/dp/B001CWUJ9M/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1446583867&sr=1-2
http://www.orthodoxmarketplace.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=19207
_______________________________________________________________
ISAIAH 7:14
VIRGIN
* Brenton Septuagint LXX
Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; behold, a virgin shall conceive in the womb, and shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Emmanuel.
* New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE) Roman Catholic
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign; the young woman, pregnant and about to bear a son, shall name him Emmanuel.
* Good News Translation (GNT)
Well then, the Lord himself will give you a sign: a young woman who is pregnant will have a son and will name him ‘Immanuel.’
Jewish Publication Society JPS Tanakh 1917
Therefore the Lord Himself shall give you a sign: behold, the young woman shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
* New International Version
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel.
* Revised Standard Version
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, a young woman shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Imman'u-el.
_______________________________________________________________
Greek New Testament
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